Here’s a definition of terpenes from the National Institute of Health (NIH):
Terpenes are the primary constituents of essential oils and are responsible for the aroma characteristics of cannabis. Together with the cannabinoids, terpenes illustrate synergic and/or entourage effect and their interactions have only been speculated in for the last few decades.
To be clear, you can’t see or feel terpenes. They won’t come jumping out of your bowl. Yet, the degree to which they impact your THC experience can be significant. Over time, it would be an insightful exercise to try and determine which strains contain the terpenes that work best for you. That can include strains for different times of the day.
Here are a couple of the ways that terpenes affect your high:
Entourage Effect: The idea is that cannabinoids (like THC and CBD) and terpenes work together to create a combined effect that is greater / better / different than the sum of their individual effects. Essentially, terpenes enhance the “high” a person experiences.
Modulation of Effects: Different terpenes have different effects. For instance, myrcene is associated with sedative effects and is often found in ‘indica’ strains that are typically described as body-relaxing. Limonene, found in ‘sativa’ strains, is associated with uplifting effects. Linalool, commonly found in lavender, has calming and relaxing properties.
Common terpenes include:
Myrcene: This terpene is found in many cannabis strains and is also present in hops, mangoes, and lemongrass. It has a musky, earthy aroma and is known for its potential sedative and relaxing effects.
Limonene: As the name suggests, limonene has a citrusy, lemony scent. It is found not only in cannabis but also in citrus fruits, juniper, and peppermint. Limonene is associated with potential mood elevation and stress relief.
Pinene: Pinene has a pine-like aroma and is found in cannabis as well as conifer trees, rosemary, and basil. It can have potential anti-inflammatory and bronchodilator properties and is sometimes associated with increased focus and alertness.
Caryophyllene: This terpene has a spicy, peppery scent and is also found in black pepper, cloves, and cinnamon. Caryophyllene is unique because it can interact with the body’s endocannabinoid system and has potential anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.
Linalool: Linalool has a floral, lavender-like aroma and is found in cannabis as well as lavender, coriander, and rosewood. It is often associated with potential sedative and relaxing effects and may have antianxiety and antidepressant properties.
Humulene: Humulene has an earthy, woody aroma and is found in cannabis as well as hops, cloves, and sage. It may have potential anti-inflammatory and appetite suppressant effects.